Chalazion or a meibomian cyst is a sterile inflammatory granuloma of the Meibomian glands of the eyelid. It develops as a result of retention of their oily secretion within the ducts, leading to the formation of a nodule (nodular lesion) on the eyelid.
It can occur at any age and has a tendency to recur.It typically presents as a firm and painless lump on the eyelid.
Sometimes a secondary infection (hordeolum) can develop, causing pain and redness of the eyelid,as well as purulent discharge.
It is often associated with blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margins) and can also follow dermatological conditions
(such as rosacea).
To reduce the risk of developing a chalazion (and hordeolum), a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids is recommended, along with eyelid massage, proper cleaning of the eyelash base using special moist wipes, and regular, thorough removal of makeup (mascara, eyeliner),
as these can clog the Meibomian glands.
Patients with rosacea, recurrent chalazions, or blepharitis should regularly visit an ophthalmologist.
If eyelid redness or pain occurs, it usually indicates an infection (hordeolum), and appropriate treatment should be started as soon as possible.
If there is a painless and stable lesion that is cosmetically bothersome, consultation with an ophthalmologist is also recommended in order to apply appropriate therapy.
If the lesion does not respond to local therapy, a corticosteroid injection at the site may be used, which can prevent capsule formation and progression into a chronic lesion.
If the lesion persists for a long time, resembles a cyst, causes discomfort, or is cosmetically concerning, surgical removal may be necessary.